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F. Brandner, T. Thorn, M. Schoeberl:
"Embedded JIT Compilation with CACAO on YARI";
Talk: IEEE International Symposium on Object-oriented Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC), Tokyo, Japan; 2009-03-17 - 2009-03-20; in: "12th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing", IEEE, (2009), 63 - 70.

Java is one of the most popular programming languages
for the development of portable workstation and server applications
available today. Because of its clean design and
typesafety, it is also becoming attractive in the domain of
embedded systems. Unfortunately, the dynamic features of
the language and its rich class library cause considerable
overhead in terms of runtime and memory consumption. Efficient
techniques to implement Java virtual machines that
are suitable for use in resource constrained environments are
thus needed. In this work we present a solution for very restricted
environments based on CACAO. CACAO is a just-intime
compiling virtual machine implementation, combining
high speed and small size. We have modified the original
version of CACAO to run without an underlying operating
system within only 1 MB of memory. In addition we present
a new technique to selectively compile methods during the
initialization phase of real-time Java applications to prevent
unwanted interaction between dynamic compilation and critical
tasks. Furthermore we present the YARI soft-core as the
execution platform of CACAO within an field-programmable
gate array. We compare our implementation with two well
known Java processors, JOP and Sun´s picoJava-II, on the
same technology. Although JOP achieves a higher clock frequency
and picoJava-II occupies nearly 4 times the resource
of YARI, our solution is capable to outperform both of them
by a factor of up to 2.8 and 2.2 respectively.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2009.20