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G. Traxler-Samek, E. Schmidt:
"On the Application of the Biot-Savart Method in the End Region Field Calculation of Hydro-Generators using 3D Solid Conductors";
Poster: 13th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG), Evian, France; 2001-07-10 - 2001-07-12; in: "Proceedings", V (2001), 26 - 29.

The accurate evaluation of end region additional losses in electrical
machines requires the precise knowledge of the magnetic field on both
machine end regions. The Biot-Savart method is utilized for the numeric
calculation of the end region field of a 500 MVA hydro-generator. To
avoid singularity problems, 3D solid conductors instead of line current
elements represent the winding bars. The stator core end is taken into
account with an appropriate application of the method of images. Due to
the presence of eddy currents in the nonlinear magnetic materials, an
iterative process is introduced for the determination of the stator core
end permeability.