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H. Ernst, A. Jachimowicz, G. Urban:
"Dynamic thermal sensor principles in MEMS for fluid characterization";
IEEE Sensors Journal, 1 (2001), 4; S. 361 - 367.

Using thin-film technology with its characteristic low masses and high aspect ratios a new range of possibilities is made available for the use of dynamic thermal measuring principles. Based on this, a micromachined sensor was developed for the measurement of transient thermal signal responses leading to the thermal characterization of fluids at low sample volumes. The achieved resolution allowed the measurement of thermal parameters of the investigated fluids, i.e., thermal conductivity and specific heat, inside microfluidic systems at a high sensitivity, enabling the detection of inter-fluid boundaries, e.g., as found in micromixers and -reactors, making the sensor a useful tool for micro fluidic system characterization. This is achieved via the measurement of the frequency dependent thermal signal response.

http://www.ewh.ieee.org/tc/sensors/Sensors_journal_toc.htm