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E. Schmidt, C. Grabner:
"Application of a Weak Coupling Algorithm in the Electromagnetic-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis for Roebel Bars of Large Synchronous Machines";
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2005), 5; S. 1896 - 1899.

The deformation process of Roebel bars embedded in slots of electrical
machines mainly depends on the acting electromagnetic forces inside the
current carrying regions and the mechanical preload due to the slot
wedge. With this fully coupled electromagnetic-mechanical problem,
the behaviour is completely different between the two cases of loose
and fixed bars. To accurately include both the volume forces inside
conducting regions and the surface forces at material boundaries in the
coupled analyses, a weak coupled cascade algorithm of electromagnetic
and mechanical finite element calculations can be applied. Moreover,
this algorithm allows to describe the transitional state between both
fixed and loose bars in dependence of the electrical bar currents in an
efficient way.

http://aleph.ub.tuwien.ac.at/F?base=tuw01&func=find-c&ccl_term=AC05935844