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S. Cerimovic, W. Gaberl, K. Oberhauser, H. Zimmermann:
"Optische Abstandsmessung mit sinusmodulierter LED als Lichtquelle und integriertem Korrelationsempfänger";
E&I Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, vol. 125 (2008), 102 - 106.

The presented integrated distance measurement sensor is based on the time-of-flight principle (TOF). The distance information is gathered by correlation of the transmission reference signal and the modulated received light source (LED), opticts, sonsor chip, controlling logic circuitry and measuremant devices. The PIN bridge circuit eliminates the influence of background light. For distances up to 3 m it is possible to reach an accuracy better than 0.5% by averaging. The usage of a LED as light source allows applications with multi-pixel sensors (2D and 3D applications).