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W. Liu, G. Meschke, H.A. Mang:
"Algorithmic Stabilization of FE Analyses of 2D Frictional Contact Problems with Large Slip";
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192 (2003), 2099 - 2124.

This paper is concerned with a regularization method to avoid slip oscillations of contact nodes resulting from lack of C_1-continuity of low-order finite element discretizations. The purpose of this method is to enhance the robustness of contact algorithms for 2D contact analyses. Based on the actual finite element boundary, a virtual (smooth) boundary with C_1-continuity is established to define the normal vector and, in case of frictional contact, also the tangential vector. The proposed regularization method allows using standard low-order elements. The respective algorithm including the consistent contact matrix is derived for frictionless as well as for frictional contact. Selected numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

http://aleph.ub.tuwien.ac.at/F?base=tuw01&func=find-c&ccl_term=AC04403097

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00252-4