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M.J. Hochrainer, C. Adam:
"Dynamics of shear frames with tuned liquid column dampers";
ZAMM - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 80 (2000), S2; S283 - S284.

Tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) are passive energy absorbing devices to control vibrations of buildings placed e.g. in an earthquake environment. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of TLCD on the response of shear frames. For the numerical analysis the TLCD are modeled as SDOF oscillators with non-linear damping. The latter results from local changes of the cross-section of the piping system and they are treated effectively as additional forcings of the linear elastic structure. Consequently, linear methods such as response superposition and the use of Duhamel's integral can still be applied even though in a time incremental formulation. The procedure is based on a decomposition into substructure modes of the shear frame. Investigations are performed at different excitation levels. The results indicate that TLCD reduce the response of earthquake excited buildings very effectively.