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S. Lu, R. Heuer, R. Flesch:
"Material Model for Unreinforced Masonry Based on Plasticity Theory";
in: "Proc. 10. Canadian Masonry Symposium, June 8-12, 2005", S. Lissel et al. (Hrg.); Proc. 10. Canadian Masonry Symposium, June 8-12, 2005, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2005, ISBN: 0-88953-283-4, S. 349 - 358.

This paper presents a new model for unreinforced masonry (URM), based on the plastic material model by Ganz (1). The general idea is using a combination of yielding surfaces in the stress space, where each surface captures one failure mode. Compared to the material model of Ganz (1), the new model was extended to cover even the tension strength aspects of masonry constructions in both directions (in plane, orthogonal and parallel to the horizontal joints) for each failure mode. The model consists of only 5 convex yielding surfaces which describe the following failures, respectively:

-) tension failure
-) compression failure
-) shear failure
-) sliding along the horizontal joints
-) tension failure in the horizontal joints

Additionally to the theoretical background an application is shown, where laboratory experiments are used to test and calibrate the material model and its parameters. Therefore, this model was implemented into the Finite Element Software ANSYS. The implementation involves all the failure modes and an automatic searching for the positions of the masonry structures in the global FE-model. The result of this numerical implementation is the display of the cracked and yielded areas of the wall, respectively. The accuracy depends on the size of the finite elements chosen in the model.

http://aleph.ub.tuwien.ac.at/F?base=tuw01&func=find-c&ccl_term=AC05935041