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D. Adam, R. Markiewicz, W. Unterberger, J. Hofinger:
"Extraction of Geothermal Energy from Tunnels";
in: "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering", Millpress, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2005, (invited), ISBN: 9059660277, 1629 - 1632.

Foundation elements such as bored piles and diaphragm walls as well as tunnel linings can be used as absorber elements for ground heat use. Absorber tubes are placed inside the concrete elements and a cooling / heating fluid is circulated through the system. Practi-cal applications have been constructed in Austria, most recently at the new metro line U2 of the Vienna metro system.

http://aleph.ub.tuwien.ac.at/F?base=tuw01&func=find-c&ccl_term=AC05935217