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H. Puxbaum, E. Pucher et al.:
"Non-Exhaust Related Particulate Emission Rates From Roadway Traffic - Derived From a European Tunnel Study";
Talk: Transport and Air Pollution, Graz (invited); 2002-06-19 - 2002-06-21; in: "VKM-THD Mitteilungen. Volume 81-1", Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, (2002), ISBN: 3-901351-59-0; 385 - 391.

PM10 emission rates, and composition of organic and inorganic compounds from motor vehicles were determined in the Tauerntunnel 1997 study. PM 10 emissions for an average workday (17.6 % HDV) were 111 mg veh-1 km-1 and for an average weekend fleet (2.7% HDV) were 44 mg veh-1 km-1. For LDV a PM10 emission rate of 30 mg veh-1 km-1, for HDV of 394 mg veh-1 km-1 was derived. The sum of elemental carbon and organic material comprised 88% of the PM10 of the HDV emissions, but only 47% of the PM10 of the LDV emissions. Accounting for carbonaceous material and the soluble ions - consisting mainly of ammonium sulphate and nitrates - not analysed "missing" species amounted 15 mg veh-1 km-1 for the LDV and 34 mg veh-1 km-1 for the HDV traffic. Comparison with data from a US study in the Sepulveda tunnel (Gillies et al., 2001) indicates that the missing species consist of predominantly of iron and insoluble mineral material (containing Ca, Mg, Al, Si) from the street surface. Thus, the data of the "missing" species in the Tauerntunnel 1997 study can be used to assess the magnitude of unaccounted emissions, e.g. from abrasive processes of steel parts, and from street dust abrasion and resuspension for a concrete street surface.

Project Head Hans Puxbaum:
Puxbaum - A3