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P.W. Nussbaumer, T. Wolbank:
"Using Oversampling Techniques to Extract AC Machine Saliency Information";
Talk: IECON, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2010-11-07 - 2010-11-10; in: "Proceedings of the IEEE International Industrial Electrical Conference", (2010), ISBN: 978-1-4244-5226-2; 1029 - 1034.

Controlling an ac machine without speed or position
sensor at zero frequency requires the extraction of its inherent
or engineered saliencies. This extraction is currently linked to
injected high frequency or transient test signals that are
superposed to the fundamental wave. These test signals also
affect noise emission, maximum inverter output voltage, and
switching frequency. Different methods for an integration of the
test signal injection into the fundamental wave excitation have
been made, however a full integration in all operating states is
still not possible. In this paper a method to extract the necessary
saliency information without applying test signals is proposed
and analyzed. It is based on oversampling techniques and uses
the information that appears in current sensor signals during
the switching transients. Different realizations are presented and
their performance compared with respect to changes in the
operating parameters. It is shown by measurement results that
applying the proposed techniques it is possible to obtain the
saliency information necessary for speed sensorless control.

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_189735.pdf