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P. Teiner, B. Schneeweiss:
"Evaluation of NOx and Fuel Consumption Reduction Potential of Parallel Diesel-Hybrid Powertrains using Engine-in-the-Loop Simulation";
Talk: 2010 Small Engine Technology Conference, Linz (invited); 2010-09-28 - 2010-09-30; in: "2010 Small Engine Technology", D. Nehmer et al. (ed.); SAE International, (2010), Paper ID SAE Technical Paper 2010-32-0128, 9 pages.

Turbocharged diesel engines are popular propulsion systems
for automotive applications like trucks or passenger cars
because of their high efficiency and advantageous torque
characteristic. The high NOx emissions due to their
combustion process and missing three-way catalyst are,
however, a disadvantage. Consequently, to satisfy future
emission legislations, NOx emissions must be reduced. In
addition, growing environmental awareness requires
reduction of CO2 emissions, respectively, consumption.
Hybridization is an effective method to achieve these
multiple goals.
The general tendency in direction of electrification of the
powertrain leads to a diversity of drive concepts. In this
context, the study of the entire system is as important as the
analysis and evaluation of the interaction of the system
components. The development of an intelligent control
strategy managing the different operating states like stop/
start, braking energy recuperation, load point shifting and
electric driving is fundamental, too. Simulation is a powerful
tool for these purposes and allows exploring different
configurations of powertrains without cost-intensive and
time-consuming production of prototypes. An appropriate
approach to improve the accuracy of the results is the
replacement of a virtual component in the simulation model
by real hardware (Engine-in-the-Loop EIL). Thus, the real
diesel engine is in interaction with the virtual powertrain and
both operate in real time. A closed loop control is created
where real hardware operates with virtual model components
via defined interfaces.
This paper shows how at the Institute for Powertrains &
Automotive Technology (IFA) of the Vienna University of
Technology intelligent control strategies were developed
enabling the reduction of NOx emissions by up to 35% and
the consumption by up to 15% by means of a parallel dieselhybrid
powertrain. Furthermore, different hybrid powertrain
concepts were analyzed with the aim of demonstrating their
advantages and disadvantages concerning the achievement of
these goals. In this context, the method of the EIL simulation,
used to obtain a high accuracy of the results, is described as
well.