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H. Amri, R. Hofstädter, M. Kozek:
"Energy Efficient Design and Simulation of a Demand Controlled Heating and Ventilation Unit in a Metro Vehicle";
Vortrag: IEEE Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS), Vienna; 29.06.2011 - 01.07.2011; in: "Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems", (2011), 6 S.

This paper presents a new control scheme for a
heating and ventilation (HV) unit of metro vehicles and a realistic
thermal simulation of the HV-unit´s power consumption
during operation. The model consists of the vehicle body with
HV-unit, control scheme, operational and weather conditions,
respectively. An additional model for the CO2-level in the
vehicle is utilized to design the proposed control structure,
which aims at controlling both indoor temperature and CO2-
level. The simulation is performed for realistic operational and
weather data over one year for a given geographical location
in order to assess the energy saving potential of the proposed
HV-control. Simulation results indicate that savings of some
325MWh or 150t CO2 greenhouse gas can be expected per
train and year (12 HV-units per train).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FISTS.2011.5973605