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S. Li, Y. Losovyj, U. Diebold:
"Adsorption-Site-Dependent Electronic Structure of Catechol on the Anatase TiO#-{2}(101) Surface";
Langmuir, 27 (2011), 8600 - 8604.

The adsorption of catechol (1,2-benzendiol) on the anatase TiO2(101) surface was studied with synchrotron-based ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Catechol adsorbs with a unity sticking coefficient and the phenyl ring intact. STM reveals preferred nucleation at step edges and subsurface point defects, followed by 1D growth and the formation of a 2×1 superstructure at full coverage. A gap state of 1 eV above the valence band maximum is observed for dosages in excess of 0.4 Langmuir, but such a state is absent for lower coverages. The formation of the band gap states thus correlates with the adsorption at regular lattice sites and the onset of self-assembled superstructures.