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A. Zoitl, H. Prähofer:
"Building Hierarchical Automation Solutions in the IEC 61499 Modeling Language";
in: "USB Proceedings INDIN 2011 2011 9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics", issued by: Ieee Ies; IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2011, ISBN: 978-1-4577-0433-8, 557 - 564.

The IEC 61499 modeling language pursues a
component-based approach with modular building blocks
coupled by ports and arranged in a hierarchical manner.
However, as in similar approaches, the IEC 61499 language does
not define how functional hierarchies of upper- and lower-level
functional entities should be built. In this paper, motivated by
our previous work, structuring principles for IEC 61499 for
purely hierarchical control solutions are presented. We present
elementary design guidelines for structuring automation
solutions in several hierarchical layers, outline which elements of
IEC 61499 to use, and illustrate the approach by an architecture
for an example control system.