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P. K. Gentner, G. Hilton, M. Beach, C. Mecklenbräuker:
"Characterisation of ultra-wideband antenna arrays with spacings following a geometric progression";
IET Communications, 6 (2012), 10; 1179 - 1186.

An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna array is designed to satisfy given constraints in a (large) contiguous frequency range. Space limitations are tight in many applications and it is often infeasible to design the antenna array with preferred element spacings of λ/2 at the centre frequency. In this study, the authors compare uniform linear UWB antenna arrays and non-uniform reduced-aperture UWB antenna arrays with more compact element spacings following a geometric progression. The authors analyse and discuss performance degradations with respect to irregularly spaced monopoles. The manufactured non-uniform linear UWB antenna arrays are characterised by measurements in an anechoic chamber. The results are correlated with the array factor and compared with measured data of uniform linearly spaced monopoles in the time and frequency domains. It is found that a compact non-uniform linear UWB array with element spacings following a geometric progression can be designed such that its main lobe performs very close to that of a uniform linear array, with an antenna array size reduction of 23.6% for a seven-element non-uniform linear UWB array.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2010.1054