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D. Bonnell, D. Basov, M. Bode, U. Diebold, S. Kalinin, V. Madhavan, L. Novotny, M. Salmeron, U. Schwarz, P. Weiss:
"Imaging physical phenomena with local probes: From electrons to photons";
Reviews of Modern Physics, 84 (2012), 1343 - 1381.

The invention of scanning tunneling and atomic force probes revolutionized our understanding
of surfaces by providing real-space information about the geometric and electronic structure
of surfaces at atomic spatial resolution. However, the junction of a nanometer-sized probe tip
and a surface contains much more information than is intrinsic to conventional tunneling and
atomic force measurements. This review summarizes recent advances that push the limits of
the probing function at nanometer-scale spatial resolution in the context of important
scientific problems. Issues such as molecular interface contact, superconductivity, electron
spin, plasmon field focusing, surface diffusion, bond vibration, and phase transformations are
highlighted as examples in which local probes elucidate complex function. The major classes
of local probes are considered, including those of electromagnetic properties, electron
correlations, surface structure and chemistry, optical interactions, and electromechanical
coupling.