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B. Hametner, S. Parragh, C. Mayer, J. Kropf, S. Wassertheurer:
"Optimizing ventricular work: a matter of constraints";
in: "The 24th European Modeling and Simulation Symposium", F. Breitenecker, A. Bruzzone, E. Jimenez, F. Longo, Y. Merkuryev, B. Sokolov (ed.); DIME Università di Genova, Rende, 2012, ISBN: 978-88-97999-09-6, 322 - 327.

The analysis of aortic blood pressure and flow represent
an important tool to predict cardiovascular risk. A
Windkessel model relating pressure and flow, together
with an optimal performance criterion of left-ventricular
work, is used to generate the aortic flow pattern for a
given central pressure curve. For the corresponding
optimization problem, different physiologically relevant
constraints are specified, but due to the limited number
of degrees of freedom not all of them can be included at
once. The optimization problem is solved with every
possible combination of constraints and the resulting
flow and pressure curves are analyzed. These
waveforms show that the choice of constraints strongly
affects the accuracy of the generated curves.
Constraining aortic flow during diastole appears to be
the best choice, but a physiologically shaped flow and
pressure pattern cannot be achieved simultaneously with
the applied objective function and constraints.

lse wave analysis, blood flow model, cardiovascular system, aortic pressure waveform