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B. Husar, A. Mautner, C. Heller, F. Varga, T. Koch, K. Macfelda, G. Russmüller, J. Stampfl, R. Liska:
"Biodegradable Bone Replacement Material From Low Cytotoxic Monomers";
Poster: TERMIS-EU 2013, Istanbul; 06-17-2013 - 06-20-2013; in: "Abstracts", (2013), 244.

The fabrication of 3D scaffolds by lithography-based additive manufacturing technology (AMT) represents an appealing approach in bone tissue engineering. In this study, (meth)acrylates were replaced by vinyl esters and vinyl carbonates with exceptional low cytotoxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with osteoblast-like cells proved that vinyl esters and vinyl carbonates are 1 order of magnitude less cytotoxic than methacrylates and 2-3 orders of magnitude less cytotoxic than acrylates. Photoreactivity of these monomers lies between those of acrylates and methacrylates that is sufficiently photoreactive for AMT. However, monomers containing abstractable hydrogens (e.g. ethylene glycol units) are even less photoreactive then methacrylates. By addition of thiols to these monomers, curing speed can reach the value for acrylates. Rates of degradation and mechanical properties can be tuned over a broad range. All polymers were significantly stiffer than PCL, being almost as stiff as PLA. Degradation of the polymers results in the formation of non-toxic FDA approved poly(vinylalcohol) of low molecular weight that can be easily transported within the human body. Finally, in vivo testing proofed a good biocompatibility of these materials. Obtained specimens featured abundant formation of new bone around and inside the 3D scaffolds, providing a high bone-to-implant contact.
Acknowledgement. The support by the European Commission (Marie Curie IEF, No. 297895) is gratefully acknowledged.