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P. Borejko:
"Modeling of three-dimensional propagation on a coastal wedge with a sediment supporting shear";
Talk: The 1st International Conference and Exhibition on Underwater Acoustics, Corfu Island, Greece; 2013-06-23 - 2013-06-28; in: "Proceedings of the 1st International Conference and Exhibition on Underwater Acoustics", J. Papadakis (ed.); (2013), ISBN: 978-618-80725-0-3; Paper ID UAC2013.192.20.pdf, 6 pages.

In this paper, a generalized-ray based approach, which includes shear in the sediment,
is applied to demonstrate that cross-slope acoustic propagation on a coastal wedge
may significantly be affected by the horizontal refraction [bending of the acoustic ray paths
(as viewed from above) due to the sloping bathymetry], and thus may indeed be threedimensional
(3-D). The approach shows that some acoustic signals coming in along paths
with multiple seafloor interactions, thus propagating up the slope and back to the receiver,
may dominate those coming in along paths with only a few seafloor interactions, thus traveling
near the straight source-to-receiver path that is parallel to the wedge apex. (Intuitively, a
signal coming in along a path with multiple bottom interactions is expected to be weaker than
that coming in along a path with only a few bottom interactions.) These theoretical predictions
are consistent with measurements of 3-D acoustic propagation on the Florida shelf
[Kevin D. Heaney and James J. Murray, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(4), 1394-1402 (2009)],
nearly shaped like the canonical wedge.

3-D Propagation, Shallow Water Propagation, Penetrable Wedge

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_222870.pdf