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S. Naqvi, A. Steininger, J. Lechner:
"An SET Tolerant Tree Arbiter Cell";
Vortrag: 19th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC 2013), Santa Monica, CA; 19.05.2013 - 22.05.2013; in: "Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC), 2013 IEEE 19th International Symposium on", (2013), ISSN: 1522-8681; 9 S.

Due to their inherently indeterministic behavior
arbiters cannot simply be made fault tolerant by replication.
We present an in-depth analysis of a tree arbiter cell with
respect to possible faults and failure modes. Based on these
results we devise a fault tolerant implementation of this cell
that carefully avoids all single points of failure and can hence
withstand transient faults as well as bit flips in its stateful
elements. We verify the fault tolerance of our implementation
by means of model checking and compare its overheads and
performance penalties with a TMR-based solution. While the
validation confirms that our approach is indeed suitable for use
within an overall fault tolerance concept, the penalties turn out
to be lower than for a comparable TMR approach.