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P. Papazek, G. Raidl, M. Rainer-Harbach, B. Hu:
"A PILOT/VND/GRASP Hybrid for the Static Balancing of Public Bicycle Sharing Systems";
in: "Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2013 - Part 1", Springer, 2013, ISBN: 978-3-642-53855-1, 372 - 379.

Due to varying user demands in bicycle sharing systems, operators
need to actively shift bikes between stations by a fleet of vehicles.We address the
problem of finding efficient vehicle tours by an extended version of an iterated
greedy construction heuristic following the concept of the PILOT method and
GRASP and applying a variable neighborhood descend (VND) as local improvement.
Computational results on benchmark instances derived from the real-world
scenario in Vienna with up to 700 stations indicate that our PILOT/GRASP hybrid
especially scales significantly better to very large instances than a previously
proposed variable neighborhood search (VNS) approach. Applying only one iteration,
the PILOT construction heuristic followed by the VND provides good
solutions very quickly, which can be potentially useful for urgent requests.

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_225582.pdf