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C. Kanakaki, E. Rosenberg, A. Trifonova, J. Han:
"Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Techniques Implemented for the Analysis of Decomposition Products and Gases Emitted from Lithium-Ion Cells Under Extreme Conditions of Use";
Poster: 19th International Symposium on Separation Science, Porec, Croatia; 25.09.2013 - 28.09.2013.

In order to reduce CO2 emissions and fossil fuel dependence, the development and use of electric vehicles play a key role. Achieving performances acceptable for a wide range of users, and not only for the early adapters, requires the development of innovative energy storage with higher energy density, higher safety and lower environmental impact. To serve this purpose, larger lithium-ion batteries are developed, increasing the necessity of the risk assessment for unexpected chemical hazards, due to misuse or extreme operating conditions. The aim of this research work is to develop a standardized test method for the characterization of the thermally and electrochemically driven degradation products of the carbonate-based electrolytes and particularly the gaseous emissions of the lithium-ion cells, focusing on the improvement of safety and environmental issues.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical compounds generated during cycling operation and misuse conditions, will be performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Apart from conventional GC/MS analysis, two different approaches of GC/MS will also be used, in order to enhance the time resolution. The vacuum outlet GC/MS technique[1], utilizing short, mega-bore columns, will be applied first, and will be followed by the Multiplex-GC/MS[2] technique, enabling also on-line measuring of the decomposition products of Lithium-ion cells.
Precise analysis of compounds produced in cases of misuse or accidents can be achieved with the implementation of the aforementioned GC/MS techniques. This issue is of great importance, particularly since the potential hazards of gas emissions from lithium-ion cells used under extreme conditions have not yet been studied systematically. Consequently, the results of this work can be used for future optimizations on the components of the batteries, contributing to the development of highly efficient, safe and environmentally friendly Li-ion batteries.
Financial support of this study, provided by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG, Project ``SiLithium´´, Project Number 835790), is gratefully acknowledged.

References

[1] van Deursen M., Janssen H. G., Beens J., Lipman P., Reinierkens R., Rutten G., Cramers C.: J. Microcol. Sep. 12 (12) (2000) 613-622.

[2] Phillips J. B.: Anal. Chem. 52 (4) (1980) 468-478.