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O. Winter, Ch. Kral, E. Schmidt:
"Design and Loss Assessment of Air Cored Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines";
Talk: IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), Chicago, USA; 05-12-2013 - 05-15-2013; in: "Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference", (2013), 1 - 5.

This paper focuses on different calculation methods
of Joule losses in a winding and Halbach magnet arrays for air
cored axial flux motors. The classical approach (I) for winding
losses results in eddy current losses without proximity effect but
with induced currents for the passing magnetic field. The second
method (II) derives the frequency dependent resistance including
skin and proximity effects to calculate the winding losses due to
higher current harmonics generated by pulse width modulation
(PWM) excitation. The calculation of eddy currents (III) induced
by higher harmonics in the magnet array is used to evaluate two
different assembly strategies concerning the joule losses within
the magnets. Based on the results from these three methods,
final design decisions were made. A full-scale prototype in-wheel
hub motor was manufactured and measured to assess the chosen
design.
Index Terms-Halbach-array-based permanent-magnet motors,
air cored, direct drive, electrical machines, finite element methods,
permanent magnets

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_227465.pdf