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R. Paris, M. Melik-Merkumians, G. Schitter:
"Vision-based Probabilistic Absolute Position Sensor";
Vortrag: IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) 2015, Pisa; 11.05.2015 - 14.05.2015; in: "Proceedings of the IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) 2015", (2015), ISBN: 978-1-4799-6113-9; S. 2066 - 2071.

Many industrial applications require to determine
the absolute position of an extended surface without modifying or
touching the target object. This contribution presents a concept
for an optical absolute position sensor based on an off the shelf
camera, operating perpendicular to an extended surface over
long strokes, as necessary e.g. for piston actuators. The proposed
sensor uses a Particle Filter to measure the absolute position
within an once-only learned global feature map with low memory
footprint, which is achieved by using an adapted feature detector.
The probabilistic approach allows for certain robustness against
false feature detection and enables fast recovery after power
loss without the need for a referencing movement. The absolute
position is detected with sub-millimeter accuracy over a stroke
of 100mm.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151601

https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/publik_239812.pdf