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X. Zhang, R. Kühnel, H. Hu, D. Eder, A. Balducci:
"Going nano with protic ionic liquids - the synthesis of carbon coated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanoparticles encapsulated in a carbon matrix for high power lithium-ion batteries";
Nano Energy, 12 (2015), S. 207 - 214.

A solution-chemistry approach was developed to prepare carbon-coated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanoparticles embedded in a micrometer-sized carbon matrix. The material was obtained by a facile one-pot synthesis involving a protic ionic liquid as a soft template and carbon source. To the best of our knowledge, the rate performance of electrodes based on this material is among the highest reported so far for Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ due to the favorable nanoarchitecture combined with high electronic conductivity of the material. The capacity of the electrode only smoothly declines with increasing current density and reaches a value of about 100 mAh g⁻¹ at 100C when cycled between 3.0-4.3 V vs. Li/Li⁺. Furthermore, excellent capacity retention of 70% after 10,000 cycles at 50C is demonstrated.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.12.008

Protic ionic liquid; Lithium vanadium phosphate; Nanoparticles; Lithium-ion battery; Cathode