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N. Adamovic:
"Custom Designed Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules";
Talk: 12th International Conference on Nanosciences & Nanotechnologies - NN15, Thessaloniki, Greece; 07-07-2015 - 07-10-2015; in: "Book of Abstracts", (2015), 37.

Solution-processing is extensively used in laboratory-based production of the photoactive layer in bulk heterojunction
(BHJ) organic and hybrid inorganic-organic lead iodide perovskite solar cells. The current understanding of light
absorberthin film formation via common solution-processing methods, such as spin-coating, stems essentially from postdeposition
investigations of the film, while our understandings of aggregation, crystallization and phase separation with
respect to processing conditions and formulationsare qualitative at best.Yet, the successful manufacturing of efficient
solar cells via scalable manufacturing processes, such as blade coating and slot-die coating, requires more quantitative
understanding ofthin film forrnation in state-of-the-art spin-coated solar cells. Recent advances have made it possible to
monitor the solution thinning as well as optical properties and x-ray scattering during the formation of semiconductor thin
films during spin-coating. We will provide several recent examples to show how in situ investigations of solutionprocessing
of polymer:fullerene and oligomer:fullerene blends as well as perovskite light absorbers helps to understand
the critical role of formulation and processing conditions in the solution-to-solid phase transformation and establish the
processing-structure-property-performance central to the area of emerging photovoltaics. Moreover, the lessons learned
about organic bulk heterojunction formation during spin-coating help to achieve highly efficient solar cells, the positive
characteristics of which can be emulated and transferred to more scalable and cost-effective processes, such as bladecoating.

Solution-processing is extensively used in laboratory-based production of the photoactive layer in bulk heterojunction
(BHJ) organic and hybrid inorganic-organic lead iodide perovskite solar cells. The current understanding of light
absorberthin film formation via common solution-processing methods, such as spin-coating, stems essentially from postdeposition
investigations of the film, while our understandings of aggregation, crystallization and phase separation with
respect to processing conditions and formulationsare qualitative at best.Yet, the successful manufacturing of efficient
solar cells via scalable manufacturing processes, such as blade coating and slot-die coating, requires more quantitative
understanding ofthin film forrnation in state-of-the-art spin-coated solar cells. Recent advances have made it possible to
monitor the solution thinning as well as optical properties and x-ray scattering during the formation of semiconductor thin
films during spin-coating. We will provide several recent examples to show how in situ investigations of solutionprocessing
of polymer:fullerene and oligomer:fullerene blends as well as perovskite light absorbers helps to understand
the critical role of formulation and processing conditions in the solution-to-solid phase transformation and establish the
processing-structure-property-performance central to the area of emerging photovoltaics. Moreover, the lessons learned
about organic bulk heterojunction formation during spin-coating help to achieve highly efficient solar cells, the positive
characteristics of which can be emulated and transferred to more scalable and cost-effective processes, such as bladecoating.