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N. Oberleitner, A. Ressmann, K. Schröder, P. Gärtner, M.W. Fraaije, U. Bornscheuer, M.D. Mihovilovic, F. Rudroff:
"From waste to value - Direct utilization of limonene from orange peel in a biocatalytic cascade reaction towards chiral carvolactone";
Vortrag: ESIB - European summit of industrial biotechnology, Graz; 14.11.2016 - 16.11.2016; in: "European summit of industrial biotechnology", (2016), S. 1 - 184.

Depletion of fossil resources and increasing demand for platform chemicals has given rise to utilization of renewable biomass as sustainable feedstock. To overcome the food vs. feed problem, valorisation of food supply chain waste (FSCW) can offer a sustainable route to cheap starting materials for syntheses of valuable compounds. More than 15 million tons of orange peel waste accumulates as by-product of citrus fruit industry annually. R-(+)-Limonene (limonene, 1), main component of most citrus oils, is industrially isolated from orange peel by energy intensive steam distillation or cold expression.
In this proof of concept study we demonstrate direct utilization of limonene containing waste product orange peel as starting material for a biocatalytic cascade reaction. Through assembly of an artificial pathway, Limonene (1) could be directly transformed to chiral carvolactone (5) via carveol (2), carvone (3) and dihydro-carvone (4). The final product of this cascade is chiral carvolactone, a promising building block for thermoplastic polymers. Four different concepts were applied to augment limonene availability either based on water extraction solely, addition of extraction enhancers or biomass dissolution.