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M. Löffler, M. Nöllenburg, F. Staals:
"Mixed map labeling";
Journal of Spatial Information Science, 13 (2016), S. 1 - 30.

Point feature map labeling is a geometric visualization problem, in which a set
of input points must be labeled with a set of disjoint rectangles (the bounding boxes of the
label texts). It is predominantly motivated by label placement in maps but it also has other
visualization applications. Typically, labeling models either use internal labels, which must
touch their feature point, or external (boundary) labels, which are placed outside the input
image and which are connected to their feature points by crossing-free leader lines. In this
paper we study polynomial-time algorithms for maximizing the number of internal labels
in a mixed labeling model that combines internal and external labels. The model requires
that all leaders are parallel to a given orientation 2 [0; 2 ), the value of which influences
the geometric properties and hence the running times of our algorithms.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5311/JOSIS.2016.13.264

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/publik_257068.pdf