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E. Loichinger, B. Hammer, A. Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, M. Freiberger, J. Sambt:
"Quantifying Economic Dependency";
European Journal of Population, 33 (2017), 3; 351 - 380.

In this paper we compare several types of economic dependency ratios
for a selection of European countries. These dependency ratios take into account not
only the demographic structure of the population, but also the differences in agespecific
economic behaviour such as labour market activity, income and consumption
as well as age-specific public transfers. In selected simulations where we
combine patterns of age-specific economic behaviour and transfers with population
projections, we show that in all countries population ageing would lead to a pronounced
increase in dependency ratios if present age-specific patterns were not to
change. Our analysis of cross-country differences in economic dependency
demonstrates that these differences are driven by both differences in age-specific
economic behaviour and in the age composition of the populations. The choice of
which dependency ratio to use in a specific policy context is determined by the
nature of the question to be answered. The comparison of our various dependency
ratios across countries gives insights into which strategies might be effective in
mitigating the expected increase in economic dependency due to demographic
change.

Population ageing/National Transfer Accounts (NTA)/Economic dependency ratio/Age-specific consumption/Age-specific labour income

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-016-9405-1