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S. Baudis:
"Lithography-based 3D printing of biocompatible polymers";
Vortrag: CEITEC PhD RETREAT II, Telč (eingeladen); 20.04.2017 - 21.04.2017; in: "CEITEC PhD RETREAT II", Masaryk University, Brünn, Tschechien, II (2017), ISBN: 978-80-210-8550-3; S. 14 - 15.

Lithography-based additive manufacturing technologies ("3D printing") enable the generation of arbitrary, highly complex 3D structures with very high resolution. This was one of the main aspects, which attracted the interest of modern medicine. The vision is to be able to fill defects in tissues or whole organs with tailor-made, patient-specific, biocompatible polymeric constructs, which promote the regeneration of the tissue or the organ.
Lithography-based additive manufacturing technologies (L-AMTs) base on the curing of liquid formulations in layer-by-layer fashion by light. Crucial components of such formulations are the photo-curable monomer that bears polymerizable groups, and the photoinitiator that initiates the polymerization by the generation of radicals when exposed to light.
For the design of photopolymers as tissue regeneration scaffolds it is important to consider the mechanical properties of the material (which ideally matches with the properties of the tissue), the characteristics of biodegradation (which should be synchronized with the regeneration of new tissue), and - of course - the biocompatibility, i.e. the material has to promote the attachment of cells and all components, incl. degradation products, should have a very low toxicity.
Here, different approaches to 3D print scaffolds will be presented, introducing the L-AMTs stereolithography (laser- and DLP-based, for resolutions in the range of 20 µm) and two-photon-lithography (for resolutions > 1 µm).