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D. Ritzberger, S. Jakubek:
"Harmonic signal estimation in the time domain for on-line electrochemical impedance spectroscopy";
Talk: European Fuel Cell Conference & Exhibition, Neapel; 12-12-2017 - 12-15-2017; in: "Proceedings of the 7th European fuel cell Piero Lunghi conference", (2017), ISBN: 978-88-8286-324-1; 83 - 84.

On-line monitoring of the electrochemical impedance
typically involves the buffering of streaming data and subsequent
use of the fast Fourier transform. This leads to an inherent tradeoff between time and frequency resolution and biased amplitude estimates due to frequency leakage. In this work, time-domain estimation techniques, namely recursive least squares and Kalman filtering, are utilized for the estimation of amplitude and phase of harmonic output responses and its advantages are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown how the Kalman filter can be
parameterized to filter out disturbances, present in any industrial application, which would otherwise lead to distorted estimates when applying the fast Fourier transform.

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, on-line harmonic signal estmiation, recursive least squares, Kalman filter

https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/publik_271300.pdf