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A. Dobos, P. Gruber, M. Tromayer, W. Steiger, J. Van Hoorick, S. van Vlierberghe, R. Liska, A. Ovsianikov:
"Laser-based 3D printing of hydrogels: a versatille appoach for accurate 3D cellular modles";
Talk: TERMIS World Congress 2018, Kyoto; 2018-09-04 - 2018-09-07; in: "Abstract Book", (2018), 261.

The ability to produce three dimensional structures from components that build up human tissue with tunable properties is an exciting outlook
of biofabrication. Nonetheless, preserving the freedom of structuring in terms of speed, resolution and design while imitating the complexity of
the native tissue architecture and function is challenging. With the currently available 3D printing methods, the realization of high resolution
structures with complex architecture is cumbersome. Two photon-polymerization (2PP) is a novel 3D printing approach where the absorption
of femtosecond-pulsed laser light leads to localized polymerization of photosensitive materials within the focal volume. 2PP is capable of
encapsulating cells inside photosensitive hydrogels at high structural resolution in accordance to computer assisted designs (CAD). Direct cell
encapsulation is a powerful tool for fabrication of 3D cell culture models in vitro, providing closer resemblance to the in vivo environment of
human tissue compared to classical 2D models. Compared to cell seeding in prefabricated scaffolds, direct encapsulation provides high initial
cell loading, uniform cell distribution and directed cell positioning. We report here the development of a novel biocompatible multicomponent
system which has the capacity of direct cell encapsulation by printing different cells into various designs while maintaining cell viability and
proliferation. The properties of the hydrogel including stiffness, degradation, and swelling can be fine-tuned by changing the concentrations of
the components and / or applied energy, creating a versatile platform for in vitro modelling and tissue engineering constructs to study cell
response in 3D.

https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/publik_272845.pdf