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E. Rosenberg, M. Antoniadou, C. Kanakaki:
"Enhancing speed and throughput in gas chromatography";
Hauptvortrag: 24th International Symposium on Separation Sciences - ISSS 2018, Jasná (Slovakia) (eingeladen); 17.06.2018 - 20.06.2018.

Enhancing speed and throughput in gas chromatography
Erwin Rosenberg, Maria Antoniadou and Chrysoula Kanakaki
Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, A-1060 Vienna, AUSTRIA
Email: erosen@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at

The continuing interest in faster though still highly efficient gas chromatography has triggered the development of various approaches to speed up separation and to bring cycle times down to some few minutes rather than the extended run times seen with classical formats [1]. These approaches include i) the reduction of resolution to a value just sufficient, ii) maximizing the selectivity of the chromatographic system, and iii) implementing a method that reduces analysis time at constant resolution [2]. While all three above approaches are classical optimization approaches, we have investigated in our group two completely different approaches to increase analysis speed and sample throughput, namely the vacuum outlet or low pressure-GC/MS method and the use of multiplex injection. In the former case, GC separation is performed under conditions which allow maintaining vacuum through largest parts of the GC column. Under these conditions, the properties of He become hydrogen-like, allowing a separation at a much higher linear velocity than under regular pressure conditions [3]. In the latter case, multiplex injection allows the repeated injection of a sample into the GC column before all sample constituents have eluted from the column. The resulting complex chromatogram contains the superimposed information from all individual chromatograms and these can be obtained by mathematical deconvolution through the Hadamard transform [4]. This technique can be used both to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of at low analyte concentrations, and to monitor the concentration changes within a sample with high time resolution, governed essentially by the ability to generate short injection pulses.
Both approaches will be discussed and compared to other approaches to generate fast chromatographic separations.

Acknowledgments:
Financial support of part of this work through the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) under project nos. 835790 ("SiLithium") and 858298 ("DianaBatt") is gratefully acknowledged.


References:
[1] Hinshaw J.V., LCGC North America, 2017, 35, 810-815.
[2] Korytár P., Janssen H.-G.; Matisová E., Brinkman U.A.Th., Trends Anal. Chem., 2002, 21, 558-572.