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M. Wagner, H. Groll, A. Dormiani, V. Sathyanarayanan, C. Mecklenbräuker, P. Gerstoft:
"Phase Coherent EM Array Measurements in a Refractive Environment";
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 69 (2021), 10; S. 6783 - 6796.

Phase coherent measurements of the pilot tone from a digital television (DTV) station were taken by a 24 element vertical array 168 km from the transmitter. Measurements were recorded over 15 days in Southern California, a region known for ducting events in which abnormal atmospheric refractivity patterns allow for the exceptionally long-range propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves. The DTV station was positioned over the horizon relative the receiver array such that line-of-sight was obstructed, thus significant diffraction loss was expected. Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation was performed on the measurements. The measurement campaign objective was to collect the first long term data-set of DOA and array signal to noise ratio (ASNR) from signals propagating over the horizon through a refractive channel, towards the goal of enhancing the fidelity of atmospheric refractivity estimates. Analysis of the collected data show that ASNR is correlated with atmospheric parameters related to refractivity.

Atmospheric measurements, Direction-of- arrival estimation, Electromagnetic refraction, UHF Propagation

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2021.3069516

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9395382