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A. Nevosad, W. Molnar, S. Schwarz:
"Effect of Chromium Content in the Steel Substrate on the Coating Formation and Tribological Properties of Manganese Phosphate Coatings";
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 29 (2021), 1 - 8.

In the literature and industrial experience, the effect of insufficient and poor manganese phosphate coating
formation on steel with higher chromium content (> 1 wt%) is well known, but the reason for this
limitation or the appearance and tribological performance of such coatings is not described sufficiently.
This work describes the differences in structure and tribological properties of manganese phosphate
coatings on different steels with up to 3 wt% of chromium and reveals the formation of amorphous and
crystalline phosphate phases by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological experiments
were performed on a high load test setup with API modified as lubricant. Besides TEM also scanning
electron microscopy, and focused ion beam cross sections were employed to investigate the microstructure
and appearance of the coatings. Furthermore, this work describes the formation of tribologically superior
coatings on martensitic steel with up to 3 wt% chromium.

chromium phosphate, conversion coating, manganese phosphate coating, transmission electron microscopy

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05994-9